Belladonna-Atropa acuminata seeds for sale

Medicinal use of Indian Belladonna : Belladonna is a native of  Gilgat (Azad Kashmir). It grows wild/ground  in the Kashmir to Gilgat. It is cultivated in Pakistan, IRAN,, Italy, India, USA, Europe, it is sparingly cultivated in Gilgat, Muzaffarabad. (Azd Kashmir. A. BELLADONA introduced in Kashmir and Gilgat by Europeans which has crossed with Himalayan

Cashmiriana Belladonna has very similar uses to the related deadly nightshade (A. bella-donna). The roots and leaves are used in India as anodyne, diuretic, mydriatic, narcotic and sedative. The following uses for deadly nightshade are also probably applicable for this species:- Although it is poisonous, deadly nightshade has a long history of medicinal use and has a wide range of applications, in particular it is used to dilate the pupils in eye operations, to relieve intestinal colic and to treat peptic ulcers. The plant can be used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, reducing tremors and rigidity whilst improving speech and mobility. It has also been used as an antidote in cases of mushroom or toadstool poisoning. This is a very poisonous plant, it should be used with extreme caution and only under the supervision of a qualified practitioner. See also the notes above on toxicity. All parts of the plant are analgesic, antidote, antispasmodic, diuretic, hallucinogenic, mydriatic, narcotic and sedative. The root is the most active part of the plant, it is harvested in the autumn and can be 1 - 3 years old, though the older roots are very large and difficult to dig up. The leaves are harvested in late spring and dried for later use. All parts of the plant contain tropane alkaloids. The leaves contain on average 0.4% active alkaloids, whilst the root contains around 0.6%. The alkaloid content also varies according to the development of the plant, being low when the plant is flowering and very high when bearing green berries. These alkaloids inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system which controls involuntary body activities. This reduces saliva, gastric, intestinal and bronchial secretions, as well as the activity of the urinary tubules, bladder and intestines. An extract of the plant has been used as eyedrops. It has the effect of dilating the pupils thus making it easier to perform eye operations. In the past women used to put the drops in their eyes in order to make them look larger and thus "more beautiful". The entire plant, harvested when coming into flower, is used to make a homeopathic remedy. This is used especially in cases where there is localised and painful inflammation that radiates heat. It is also used to treat sunstroke and painful menstruation.

Description of the plant :
Plant : Perennial
Height : 90 cm (2 feet)

Flovering : June to August
Habitat of the herb : Found at elevations between 1800 and 3600 metres.

Propagation of Belladonna : Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame. Germination of stored seed is slow and erratic, usually taking 1 - 6 months at 10 C. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Cuttings of softwood terminal shoots in spring. Root cuttings in winter.

Cultivation of the herb : Found at elevations between 1800 and 3600 metres.

Known hazards of Atropa acuminata : The whole plant, and especially the root, is very poisonous. Even handling the plant has been known to cause problems if the person has cuts or grazes on the hand. The plant is particularly dangerous for children since the fruit looks attractive and has a sweet taste. The toxins are concentrated in the ripe fruit.

Belladona-Atropa acuminata Royle seeds are available at:
Chenab Industries Kashmir-CIK
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Mob: 09858986794
e-mail: cikashmir@gmail.com
home: http://chenabindustries.blogspot.com

Iris ensata seeds for sale

Iris ensata cashmiriana
Family name : Iridaceae
Chemical constituents : Xanthose glycds.C-glycd. of apigenin and phenolic acids
Parts used : Root
Ethnomedicinal use : Antiallergic

Native of Kashmir, slender foliage is topped by sumptuous, below and large flowers in a wide range of colour. For a fertile, loamy soil with plenty of moisture from May-July. Can be drier at other times.

Cultivation details                                               
Prefers a light well-drained soil and a sunny position. Prefers partial shade. Likes plenty of moisture and a rich loamy slightly acid soil. Requires a lime-free soil. Some cultivars, in particular the 'Higo' strain, tolerate a pH up to 7. Plants can be grown in containers in pond margins but are then best kept in drier conditions over winter. This species is hardy to about -20°c. Cultivated for its root in Japan. (for the starch). There are many named varieties, selected for their ornamental value. Members of this genus are rarely if ever troubled by browsing deer or rabbits.
                                                                                      
Propagation

Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame. Stored seed should be sown as early in the year as possible in a cold frame. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow them on in the greenhouse or cold frame for their first year. Plant out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer. Division in March or October. Very easy, larger clumps can be replanted direct into their permanent positions, though it is best to pot up smaller clumps and grow them on in a cold frame until they are rooting well. Plant them out in the spring.

Iris ensata cashmiriana seeds available only for cultivation purpose only at:
Qty: 50 seeds/pkt
Price Rs. 250/-US$15

Chenab Industries Kashmir-CIK
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Mob: 09858986794
e-mail: cikashmir@gmail.com, iirc@rediffmail.com
home: http://chenabindustries.blogspot.com

CLARY SAGE-Salvia sclarea seeds for sale

CLARY SAGE-Salvia sclarea
Family : Lamiaceae

Details : The Romans called it sclarea, from claurus, or “clear,” because they used it as an eyewash. The practice of German merchants of adding clary and elder flowers to Rhine wine to make it imitate a good Muscatel was so common that Germans still call the herb Muskateller Salbei and the English know it as Muscatel Sage. Clary sometimes replaced hops in beer to produce an enhanced state of intoxication and exhilaration, although this reportedly was often followed by a severe headache. It was considered a 12 th-century aphrodisiac.

Part used : herb/flowering tops and foliage

Constituents : linalyl acetate, linalol, pinene, myrcene, saponine and phellandrene.

Actions : anticonvulsive, antidepressant, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, bactericidal.

Medicinal Uses : Like its relative sage, clary tea, the leaf juice in ale or beer, was recommended for many types of women’s problems, including delayed or painful menstruation. It was once used to stop night sweating in tuberculosis patients. An astringent is gargled, douched and poured over skin wounds. It is combined with other herbs for kidney problems. The clary seeds form a thick mucilage when soaked for a few minutes and placed in the eye, helps to removed, small irritating particles. A tea of the leaves is also used as an eyewash. Clary is also used to reduce muscle spasms. It is used today mainly to treat digestive problems such as gas and indigestion. It is also regarded as a tonic, calming herb that helps relieve premenstrual problems. Because of its estrogen-stimulating action, clary sage is most effective when levels of this hormone are low. The plant can therefore be a valuable remedy for complaints associated with menopause, particularly hot flashes.

Cultivation details : Requires a very well-drained light sandy soil in a sunny position. Thrives on any ground that is not too wet. Plants can be killed by excessive winter wet. Hardy to about -20°c. A biennial or short-lived perennial. The flowers can be air-dried and used as everlasting flowers. A very ornamental plant, it is strongly aromatic and is sometimes cultivated for its essential oil, there are some named varieties. When bruised, the leaves release a deliciously pungent and refreshing smell of fresh grapefruit. The flowers are very attractive to bees. Members of this genus are rarely if ever troubled by browsing deer.

Propagation: Seed - can be sown in situ during spring. Alternatively seed can be sown in August/September to overwinter, it will then produce larger plants Thinnings can be transplanted. The seed remains viable for 5 years.

Clary-Salvia sclarea cashmiriana seedsAvailable :In stock
Qty: Number of Seeds Per Pack: 50
Price: 550/US$10/pkt
More details:
Chenab Industries Kashmir-CIK
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR Jammu and Kashmir  190001
Ph: 09858986794
Landline: 01933-223705
e-mail: cikashmir@gmail.com, iirc@rediffmail.com
home: http://chenabindustries.blogspot.com

Poppy-Papaver cashmirina

Poppy-Papaver cashmirina  are a very easy to grow in the garden. The  Poppy-Papaver cashmirinais a very hardy plant that prefers loose soil, and will tolerate drought well. It prefers neutral to alkaline ph, but is adaptable. The foliage of the red poppy is inconspicuous, allowing exposure of the huge, brilliant flowers. Prefers full sun but will tolerate partial shade.

Sow Poppy-Papaver cashmirina seeds in the spring, or in fall after frosts. Fall seeding produces very early spring blooms.

Sow Poppy-Papaver cashmirina seeds on the surface of moist soil, don't cover.  Keep moist but not soggy and seeds will germinate in 10-15 days. Thin to 8" apart when plants are 1-2" tall. The Poppy cashmiriana gets 18-24" tall and reseeds easily if the seed falls on bare ground.

Qty: Packet contains 5  gram poppy seeds
Price : 550/-US$6

For further details:
Chenab Industries
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR J&K 190001
Ph: 09858986794, 01933-223705

e-mail: cikashmir@gmail.com
home: http://chenabindustries.blogspot.com

Chinar (Platanus orientalis) plants available at Chenab Industries Kashmir-CIK

Chinar Leaf

The director, Jammu and Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre JKMPIC, Sheikh Gulzaar planted chinar saplings in JKMPIC, Pulwama here yesterday on Monday. While taking to media persons on the occasion, he said Chinar is a heritage tree of the country and as such is a protected plant. Until 2007, Chinar plantation day was observed on March 21 “World Arboretum Day”. However, keeping in view the magnificent and majestic look and attachment and concern of the people of the country  with this tree, the state of Kashmir government decided to observe March 15 of every year as Chinar Plantation Day, since 2009.  

http://cikashmir.blogspot.com/2010/09/chinar-plants-available-at-chenab.html

The director said another advantage of pre-poning the date from March 21 to March 15 is that longer period for plantation. During last two years 12373 saplings of Chinar have been provided free of cost to the people for plantation in different areas of the country Jammu Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre has established nurseries for propagation of Chinar saplings and during current plantation season and 93373 saplings are available for distribution.

Sheikh Gulzaar said that anybody who is interested in plantation of Chinar tree can contact the concerned Jammu and Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre and obtain Chinar plants.

As per the un-authentic data of 1970, about 42000 Chinar trees of different age groups and sizes were existing in thecountry . But with the passage of time, turmoil, development programmes and population explosion, Chinar trees have faced the brunt of greed like the forest and other plants had to face.

Under such circumstances, JKMPIC took the serious initiative for raising the Chinar saplings for sustained efforts for annual plantation of saplings.

In order to determine the actual number of existing Chinar trees in the Kashmir , a preliminary census was initiated by the Jammu and Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre from 2002 which was completed in 2009.

Chinar Plants/Seed material Sales office at:

Chenab Industries Kashmir-CIK

POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR Jammu and Kashmir 190001

Ph: 01933-223705

Mob: 09858986794

e-mail: iirc@rediffmail.com, cikashmir@gmail.com

home: http://chenabindustries.blogspot.com

Henbane seeds for sale

Henbane plants

Part Used : Leaf, Flowering tops, Seed
Constituents : Alkaloid; Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Hyoscypikrin.
Action/Uses : Leaf & Seed; sedative, narcotic anodyne,
antiseptic, digestive, astringent, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, mydriatic.
Used in; dry cough, haemoptyxis, urinary disorders, asthma, whooping cough.
Used In    Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Unani, Sidha and Modern
   
Distribution: This species is globally distributed from North America to South West China. it has been recorded in Kashmir in an altitude range of 2100-3300 m.

Henbane is in such demand for medicinal purposes that it is necessary to cultivate it, the wild plants not yielding a sufficient supply. Both varieties were formerly cultivated in England, but at present the biennial is almost solely grown. Englishgrown Henbane has always been nearly sufficient to provide enough fresh leaves for the preparation of the juice, or green extract, but large quantities, chiefly of the annual kind, were imported before the War from Germany, Austria and Russia, in the form of dry leaves.

Henbane will grow on most soils, in sandy spots near the sea, on chalky slopes, and in cultivation flourishing in a good loam.

It is, however, very capricious in its growth, the seeds being prone to lie dormant for a season or more, refusing to germinate at all in some places, and the crop varying without any apparent reason, sometimes dying in patches. In some maritime localities it can be grown without any trouble. It requires a light, moderately rich and well-drained soil for successful growth and an open, sunny situation, but does not want much attention beyond keeping the ground free from weeds.

The seed should be sown in the open early in May or as soon as the ground is warm, as thinly as possible, in rows 2 to 2 1/2 feet apart, the seedlings thinned out to 2 feet apart in the rows, as they do not stand transplanting well. Only the larger seedlings should be reserved, especially those of a bluish tint. The soil where the crop is to be, must have been well manured, and must be kept moist until the seeds have germinated, and also during May and June of the first year. It is also recommended to sow seeds of biennial Henbane at their natural ripening time, August, in porous soil.

The ground must never be water-logged, especially in the first winter; it runs to stalk in a wet season. Drought and late frosts stunt the growth and cause it to blossom too early, and if the climatic conditions are unsuitable, especially in a dry spring and summer, the biennial Henbane will flower in its first year, while the growth is quite low, but wellmanured soil may prevent this.

Care must be taken in selecting the seed: commercial Henbane seed is often kiln-dried and useless for sowing. In order to more readily ensure germination, it is advisable to soak the seeds in water for twenty-four hours before planting: the unfertile seeds will then float on the top of the water and may thus be distinguished. Ripe seed should be grey, and yellowish or brown seeds should be rejected, as they are immature. Let the seeds dry and then sift out the smallest, keeping only the larger seeds.

Henbane seed being very small and light should be well mixed with fine dry soil as it is sown.

As seedlings often die off, a reserve should be kept in a box or bed to fill gaps, even though they do not always transplant success fully.

If it is desired to raise a crop of the annualvariety the plants, being smaller and not branching so freely, may be grown at a distance of 18 inches apart each way, but the annual is very little cultivated in this country.

If any annuals come up among the biennials sown, the flowers should be cut off until the leaves get larger and the stem branches.

There is usually some difficulty in growing Henbane owing to its destruction by insects: sometimes the whole of the foliage is destroyed by the larvae of a leaf-mining fly, Pegomyia Hyoscyami, and the crop is rendered worthless in a week. And when the large autumnal leaves of the first-year plants of the biennial variety decay, the large terminal bud is often destroyed by one of the various species of macro-lepidopterous caterpillars which hide themselves in the ground. The crown or bud should be covered as soon as the leaves have rotted away with soil mixed with soot or naphthaline, to prevent the depredations of these and other insects.

Floods may also rot the plants in winter, if grown on level ground. Potato pests are fond of the prickly leaves and will leave a potato patch to feed on the Henbane plant.

If mildew develops on the foliage in summer, dust the plants with powdered sulphur or spray with 1/2 oz. of liver of sulphur in 2 gallons of water.

When it is desired to preserve seed for propagation, it is well to cut off the top flowering shoots at an early stage of flowering (these may be dried and sold as flowering tops), and allow only about six seed-capsules to ripen. This will ensure strong seed to the capsules left, and this seed will probably produce biennial Henbane, weaker seeds being apt to produce the less robust and less valuable annual Henbane.

Seeds sown as soon as ripe in August may germinate in autumn, and thus constitute a biennial by growing on all through the winter and flowering the next summer.

Although the cultivation of Henbane in sandy ground near the sea, especially on the rich soil of estuaries, would probably pay well, it is hardly a profitable plant to grow in small gardens, more especially as the yield of dried leaf is very small. It is estimated that about 15 cwt. of dry herb are obtained from an acre of ground.

Parts Used, Preparation for Market---Henbane leaves are official in all pharmacopoeias. Some require that it be collected from uncultivated plants, others that it be not used after keeping for more than a year.

The official drug, according to the British Pharmacopoeia, consists of the fresh leaves, flowering tops and branches of the biennial variety of H. niger, and the same parts of the plant carefully dried.

The drug is preferably given in the form of the fluid extract or tincture. The smaller branches and leaves of the plant, with the leaves and flowers, is the drug from which the green extract and juice of Henbane are prepared, whilst the leaves and flowering tops are separated from the branches and dried and used for making tincture. The inspissated juice of the fresh leaves is considered exceedingly variable in its operation, and is not so much recommended.

The commercial drug presents three varieties, distinguished by the trade names 'Annual,' 'First Biennial' (the leaves from the biennial plant in its first year), and 'Biennial,' or 'Second Biennial,' the official drug, which is scarce and high-priced, the first two kinds commanding lower prices.

When grown in this country, the official Henbane plant, as already mentioned, is usually biennial. The leaves of the first year's growth are collected and sold under the name of 'First Biennial Henbane.' This variety consists of large, stalked leaves, attaining 10 inches or more in length, and is of course free from flower.

Under certain conditions the biennial plant will flower in the first year: this is also collected and sold as 'Annual (English) Henbane.' It closely resembles the biennial, but the flowering tops are usually less dense, and the drug often contains portions of the stem. Such plants are much stronger than the foreign imported annual, and being more carefully dried are richer in alkaloids.

Formerly the second year's growth of the biennial plant was thought to contain a considerably larger percentage of alkaloid than either the first year's growth of the same plant, or the annual plant, and only the actual flowering tops of such plants were official, but it is now held that leaves from the English-grown species of all the above are practically of equal alkaloidal value, though the imported drug is of much less value.

Much Henbane is imported from Germany, Kashmir and Russia; this is probably collected mostly from annual plants, and often arrives in very poor condition, sometimes mixed with other species of Henbane. In consequence, English Henbane has always commanded a much higher price. Foreign annual Henbane is usually a much more slender plant than the English, and as imported its alkaloidal value is lower than that of the English-grown varieties. This may be due to the large proportion of stem, sand, etc., that the drug contains, the whole plant being cut and dried. It is probable that the well-dried leaves alone of all the varieties are of approximately equal alkaloidal strength.

Harvesting: Much of the efficacy of Henbane depends upon the time at which itis gathered. The leaves should be collected when the plant is in full flower. In the biennial plant, those of the second year are preferred to those of the first; the latter are less clammy and foetid, yield less extractive, and are medicinally considered less efficient. Sometimes, however, the plant is destroyed by a severe winter in England, and then no leaves of the second year's growth are obtainable, and it has been suggested that this is, perhaps, one of the causes of the great uncertainty of the medicine as found in commerce.

The leaves of the biennial variety are collected in June or the first week of July and those of the annual in August.

The leaves and flowering tops which constitute the 'Second Biennial Henbane' are collected either with or without the smaller branches to which they are attached and carefully dried, unless they are required for the preparation of the juice or green extract, when they should be sent to the distillery at once on cutting.

The herb when required in the fresh state should be cut the first week in June, because in the second week the leaf-mining insect attacks the leaves, leaving only patches of white epidermis.

The herb requires very careful drying, as its properties are liable to be in great measure destroyed if kept too long in a damp state.

The fresh herb loses 80 to 86 per cent of its weight on drying, 100 lb. yielding 14 to 20 lb. of dry herb.

The fresh leaves have, when bruised, a strong, disagreeable narcotic odour, somewhat like that of tobacco: their taste is mucilaginous and very slightly acrid. The characteristic odour disappears to a large extent on drying, but the bitter taste then becomes more pronounced.

When the dried leaves are thrown upon the fire they burn with a crackling noise from the nitrate they contain, and at the same time they emit a strong odour.

The dried drug consists principally of the flowering tops. In commerce, it is commonly found in irregular rounded or flattened masses, in which the coarsely-toothed hairy bracts, the yellowish corolla with deep purple lines and two-celled ovary, with numerous ovules, can easily be identified.

The root is not employed in medicine, but experiments have shown that the seeds not only possess all the properties of the plant, but have ten times the strength of the leaves. They are also employed in pharmacy, having been much used in the Middle Ages. At the present time, they are much prescribed by the Mohammedan doctors of India.

The seed should be gathered in August; it may be kiln-dried for medicinal purposes, but the treatment renders it useless for culture, and if required for propagation seeds should be sun-dried. The capsules should be harvested before the lids split off, the seeds then being shaken out and dried in the sun.

Qty: 10 grams/pkt
Price Rs. 550/-
Other Qty: 20, 50,100, 200, 500 grams
In Stock: 50 Kg

For further information,please write to:
Chenab Industries
Ist Street, Shaheed-e-Azeemat Road, Nambalbal, Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Mailing address: PO Box 667 Srinagar SGR J&K- 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Call us: 09858986794
e.mail: iirc@rediffmail.com
web: http://chenabindustries.blogspot.com

Hawthron (Crataegus oxyacantha) seeds for sale

We are one of the premier registered Agriculture, Horticulture & Flouriculture based institution involved in production, development, introduction, trading and exporting of RAW HERBS, FRUITS, SPICES, Fruit, Medicinal Plants, Medicinal seeds,Vegetable seeds from the of Kashmir.

Cedrus deodar, Wild Cherry (Prunus serotina),cypress cashmiriana , Hawthron (Crataegus oxyacantha, Saffron, Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea), Horse Chestnu, Ginkgo Biloba, Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), Ceratonia siliqua, Pyrethrum. Hazelnut (Corylus avellana), Belladonna (Atropa belladonna L.), Saffron corms (Crocus sativus Linn), Dioscorea  deltoidea, Geranium,  (Geranium maculatum), Mayapple  (Podophyllum peltatum), seeds, Medicinal seeds, Herbs available.

For further details please write to:
Chenab Industries
Ist Street, Shaheed-e-Azeemat Road, Nambalbal, Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Mailing address: PO Box 667 Srinagar SGR J&K- 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Call us: 09858986794
e.mail: iirc@rediffmail.com
web: http://chenabindustries.blogspot.com

Blackberries/Seeds for sale in Kashmir/India

Blackberries are extremely tolerant of site and soil conditions. They are especially unusual in that they will produce a reasonable crop of berries even when grown in deep shade. Delicious both cooked or eaten fresh, they are bursting with flavour and excellent for your health,report http://www.gardenaction.co.uk.

Blackberry canes are not widely grown, because previously they were readily available growing wild amongst hedgerows. But these hedgerows are disappearing fast and it now makes sense to grow them in your garden or allotment.

Blackberries will grow reasonably well in almost all soils and even in deep shade. Remember though, that blackberry plants may well last for 15 years or so, so do try and start them off in the best possible conditions available.

As far as soil is concerned, they will produce of their absolute best on a medium, well-drained soil which contains plenty of organic matter. They like the soil to hold a good supply of water, especially when the fruits are developing in summer. The worst soil for a blackberry is light chalky soil - lots of well rotted compost will help to improve these conditions.

Thorny varieties of blackberry are the strongest growing, so choose these if the soil conditions are not ideal - 'Himalaya Giant' is the best variety to grow where the site or soil conditions are not ideal. Good fruits will still be produced and the poor conditions will reduce the excessive vigour of this variety.

Positioning of blackberry canes is a personal matter dependant on your garden. The best berries will be produced when they are in full sun. However, where space is at a premium, a blackberry cane will produce good crops even when grown in deep shade - none of the other common fruits will survive in these conditions.

Blackberries produce their flowers very late in the season so frost will never be a problem. Low lying land or frost pockets are quite suitable for blackberries.

Soil Preparation: Two or three weeks before planting, dig the soil over and incorporate as much organic matter as possible. The aim is make the soil able to retain the moisture which will see the blackberries through the summer with little or no need for watering.

Blackberry Cane: The best month to plant blackberry canes is mid-October - the soil is still warmish, but there is also sufficient moisture in the soil to keep the newly planted canes happy.

If you miss mid-October , don't worry, any time up to mid-March is OK as long as the soil is not frozen or water-logged.

Plantation: First decide how far apart to plant the canes. This varies considerably depending on the variety being planted. The strong growers such as Himalaya Giant and Bedford Giant should be planted about 4m (13ft) apart. Medium strength growers such as John Innes, Merton Thornless and Parsley-Leaved need to be planted about 2.5m (8ft) apart. The less vigorous growers, such as Merton Early need about 1.2m (4ft) between plants. Ask your garden centre for advice if in doubt.

When planting the canes, keep the crown of the roots level with the soil surface. This normally means digging a broad hole about 12cm (5in) deep. Spread the roots out into the hole and cover them in crumbly soil, firming it down with your hand. When planted. water well to provide moisture in the initial stages of growth. Cut the plants back to a good bud about 30cm (12in) high.

Immediately after planting (before if you want), trim the canes to a length of 25cm (10in). It's tempting to leave the canes longer, hoping they will produce fruit next year, but this does not pay off in the long run.

Supporting and Pruning Blackberries : Many complicated articles have been written on how to train and support blackberries. In fact, blackberries have only three main needs that make support and training important - light, circulating air and removal of last year's fruiting stems.

As far as pruning is concerned, it's simple. As soon as the blackberries have been picked, cut the stems which have produced berries this year to ground level. Don't prune any stems which have not produced fruit this year, they will be the ones which produce blackberries next year. With thorny, strong growing varieties a good pair of gardening gloves (strong trousers and shirt as well, if you have them!) are essential. If you have the time, during mid-April have a good look at the new stems and cut back maybe 25% of those which are growing very vigorously.

Supporting blackberries is not essential with the stronger growing varieties, although all blackberries appreciate a modicum of support. The idea behind supporting them is to permit a free circulation of air within the plant, thus helping prevent disease in general.

The best way to do this is to put wooden posts into the ground every 2m (6ft) and run wires between them at 70cm (2ft) heights up to 2m (6ft) high. As the new stems grow, tie some of them into the wires. The result will be that some stems will be unsupported and form a natural arch over the ground, whereas others will be tied to the supports and grow slightly higher. This will result in less congestion at the centre, promoting greater circulation of air and exposing much of the plant to the sun. If you have the time to support all the stems, so much the better.

Qnty: 5 gram/pkt
Price: 950/-
Blackberries/Seeds available at:
Chenab Industries
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR Kashmir 190001
Ph: 09858986794, 01933-223705
e-mail: cikashmir@gmail.com
home: http://writerasia.blogspot.com

Ceratonia siliqua seeds/plants for sale

 Carob tree

Ceratonia siliqua

Botanical name: Ceratonia siliqua
Family: Fabaceae (pea)
Common names
(Kashmirian) : Wozuj Hemb

(Arabic) : kharrub
(Catalan) : garrofer, garrover
(English) : carob bean, carob tree, locust bean, St. John’s bread
(French) : caroubier
(German) : johannisbrotbaum, karubenbaum
(Greek) : charaoupi
(Italian) : carrubo
(Malay) : gelenggang
(Mandarin) : chiao-tou-shu
(Portuguese) : alfarrobeira
(Spanish) : algarrobo, garrover
(Thai) : chum het tai

Cultivation details: Requires a very sunny position in any well-drained moderately fertile soil. Does well in calcareous, gravelly or rocky soils. Tolerates salt laden air. Tolerates a pH in the range 6.2 to 8.6. The tree is very drought resistant, thriving even under arid conditions, the roots penetrating deep into the soil to find moisture. This species is not very hardy in Britain but it succeeds outdoors in favoured areas of S. Cornwall, tolerating temperatures down to about -5°c when in a suitable position. The young growth in spring, even on mature plants, is frost-tender and so it is best to grow the plants in a position sheltered from the early morning sun. The carob is frequently cultivated in warm temperate zones for its edible seed and seed pods. Mature trees in a suitable environment can yield up to 400 kilos of seedpods annually. There are named varieties with thicker pods. Seeds are unlikely to be produced in Britain since the tree is so near (if not beyond) the limits of its cultivation. The seed is very uniform in size and weight, it was the original 'carat' weight of jewellers. This species has a symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria, these bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Some of this nitrogen is utilized by the growing plant but some can also be used by other plants growing nearby.

                                                                                     
Propagation: Seed - pre-soak for 24 hours in warm water prior to sowing. If the seed has not swollen then give it another soaking in warm water until it does swell up. Sow in a greenhouse in April. Germination should take place within 2 months. As soon as they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual deep pots and grow them on in a greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Give them some protection from the cold for their first few winters outdoors.

Quality seed & planting materials availabe for SALE!!!

Price Rs.350/-  (10 seed)

Available in : 10, 20, 30, 50 seeds
For further details please write to:
Chenab Industries
Ist Street, Shaheed-e-Azeemat Road, Nambalbal, Pampore PPR J&K 192121
Mailing address: PO Box 667 Srinagar SGR J&K- 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Call us: 09858986794
e.mail: iirc@rediffmail.com
web: http://chenabindustries.blogspot.com

About Chenab Industries : We are one of the premier registered Agriculture, Horticulture & Flouriculture based institution involved in production, development, introduction, trading and exporting of RAW HERBS, FRUITS, SPICES, Fruit,Medicinal Plants, Medicinal seeds,Vegetable seeds from the of Kashmir.

About our products : Pure Saffron Bulbs, Crocus sativus Linn, Crataegus oxyacantha Linn berries, Colchicum, Salvia sclarea, ,Celosia Linn, Pyrethrum,Chilies, Malus communis, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus serotina, Cedrus deodar,  Aeaxulus indica Colebr, Capsicum annum, Ginkgo biloba Seeds,Wild Cherry, Sweet Cherry, Pomengranate cuttings, Sweet Appricort, Apple, Kewi, Plum,Lukat, Peach, Almond, Walnut Grapes, Sweet Chestnut, Ginkgo biloba plants, Althaea officinalis, cypress cashmiriana seeds,  Dioscorea  deltoidea,Sorbus cashmiriana, Beldona seeds etc. etc.

Saffron Corms,Bulbs/Seeds, Ginkgo biloba plants, Howthron berries, Crataegus oxyacantha and Saw palmetto Seeds for Sale

Saffron flowers

Scientific Cultivation of Saffron
By: Ed. Sheikh GULZAAR

Saffron, is the most expensive spice in the world. The scientific name for saffron is "Crocus Sativus L." It belongs to the family of Iridaceas and the line of liliaceas.

Saffron is a bulbous perennial plant, ranging from 10 to 30 centimetres in height. The bulb is meaty and round, although somewhat flat at the base. It is white coloured on the inside, covered with a fibrous and rough membrane, and brown in colour.


Flowers surge from the bulb in a stem of about 3 millimetres in diameter, which develop in two purple to violet coloured membranes.

The flower is called the "Rose of the Saffron" and made up of six eliptical pieces. The stem is also a violet colour when it initially emerges, becoming more opaque, and finally turning white.


The flower contains three large stamen with orange coloured anthers. Inside the flower tube is the style, a long white filament whose apex is orange coloured. This divides into three red threads, the threads or cloves of the saffron, which correspond to the stigmas.

Saffron is a perennnial , low growing herb with a globular   corm   ranging   from  0.5  to  5cm  in diameter. The corms (Monje/Seed) produce 6-15 narrow, needle like leaves about 10 cm long; surrounded in the lower region by four to five scales. The flowers are borne singly or in two to three. The three stigmas of the flowers along with the style when dried constitute the saffron of commerce. The plant is a native of Iran and Asia Minor. In the former princely state of  Kashmir Vale is a legendry crop of well drained plateau of  Pampore (South Kashmir) where it is being  grown since ancient times. The recorded time of saffron cultivation in Kashmir dates back 550 AD  nearly four centuries earlier than that recorded in Spain. It is rightly called the golden condiment of Kashmir. World's best Saffron also cultavated in Iran, Spain, Baluchistan, Gilgat and now in Afghanistan

COMPOSITION  

Saffron is an essencial oil (0.4 to 1.3 percent), rich in Saffranol, Cineol, and Pineno.  It contains Glucocids (alfa, gamma, and beta) and Protocrocines. Picrocrocines (4 percent) have been found, in addition to bitter Heterosides like the Pirocrocides.

A Heteroside of the Carotine Group, the Agliconan of the Picrococrocine is an aromatic Aldehide, the Saffranol (Dehidro-Beta-Ciclocitral). The pigment which gives it the peculiar color is Crocosid, also known as Policroita. Other pigments such as Crocinal, Licopine, Zeaxantine, and other Carotinoide pigments, like Carotine and Licopine, were also found.

USES/ DOSAGES 

Via Infusions
2 to 4 grams per quart of water.

Powder Form

 300 mg to help digestion. 0.5 to 1.5 grams daily to help bowel activity.

For Use in Food

Crush the Saffron threads with your fingers or in a morter, add a small amount of hot water, then add to your dish. In most recepies the Saffron is added in the latter part of dish preparation, moments before removing the dish from the oven or stove top, to conserve its pungent aromatic flavor and color. It is common to use 2 to 4 strands of Saffron per person. Saffron is as precious as gold not because of its high demand and  low production  but because it  is used  in various religious rituals. Hindus use saffron for marking their foreheads, Muslims divine extract in water and write charms with ink thus formed. In Indian market mostly 50-60 per cent of saffron is used in chewing tobacco and for preparing wine. Saffron is used to prepare saffron rice, saffron cakes, wazwaan, tea, kehwa. cakes, in the preparation of scent and perfumes. It is used for colouring butter, Saffron Steamed Rice ,Saffron Rice Chicken, Special Scalloped Potatoes, Parsnip Lemon Puree,Orange Saffron Butter Cookies, Saffron fried rice, Saffron mutton rice, Saffron chicken rice cheese, puddings and confectionary. Like most oriental aromatic herbs saffron is also used in medicinal and culinary reputations. It stops vomiting, expels worms, heels headache and wounds. It is good for hemorrhoids, for removing the discoloration of face and pimples. It is good for epilepsy. Some times it is used in exenthematous diseases to promote eruption. It is popularly supposed to be a stimulant warm and dry in action helping in the alleviation of urinary, digestive and uterine troubles. Paste of saffron is used in dressing bruises, superficial sores, rheumatic and neurological pains and congestion of chest. Passaries of saffron are used in painful complaints of uterus. Dry boiled corms are administered in Ayurvedic and Unani ststem for treatment of gousciatica  and rheumatic pains.

Saffron Crocus Care

Growing saffron crocus can prove beneficial in two ways. It can be an inexpensive way to get saffron and apart from that saffron crocus plants are the first plants to bloom in fall and produce flowers throughout the season. The lavender-colored flowers can be a beautiful addition to your flower garden. If you are interested in knowing more about how to grow saffron crocus, read on.

* Saffron crocus can be grown from bulbs,seeds or corms. As most of the current varieties are SG1, you may not get saffron crocus seeds. But, purchase saffron crocus corms from reputed sellers only. Make sure that you are buying a saffron crocus variety (like Crocus sativus cashmirianus) only and not autumn meadow crocuses.

* The right time for planting these saffron crocus bulbs is late spring or early summer. You may also plant the corms or bulbs during the onset of fall, but, it will sprout the following spring only.

* Prepare the soil with organic material like adding compost, leaves or grass clippings to the soil. Saffron crocus plants need full sun and well drained soil for a healthy growth. The soil must not get soggy and the plant must be protected from wind. Read more on composting.

* Once you are ready with the location of planting, plant the corms in holes, which are at least four inches in depth. Always remember to plant these corms with their roots facing downwards. Keep a distance of six inches between the holes.

* If the location is likely to be frequented by rodents, it will be better to cover the area with a mesh enclosure, so that your corms are not eaten by the animals.

* During summer, the soil must be dry, as the plants become dormant in this season. The leaves and flowers develop during fall and during this season, you have to keep the soil moist (not soggy) through occasional watering.

* The flowering period may last for one month and during this time, a single application of liquid fertilizer is recommended. Continue with occasional watering till the onset of spring, as the leaves start withering during this time.

* During cold climates, dig out the corms and store them in a cold, dark place. Plant these corms again during late spring or early summer. Read more on saffron - fit for kings.

Now, you know more about saffron crocus cultivation. Start planting a saffron plant and enjoy the benefits.

Soil & Climate

Saffron grows well in drained loamy soil. Medium grade, light soil with neutral to slightly alkaline reaction is suited for its cultivation. It prefers very well drained, clay loam soils of karewas of Kashmir. The soils should be deep and free from stones. Saffron thrives well in sub-temperate regions ranging from 1500 meter to 2400 meter.

It requires cool and sunny situation for promising growth. An optimum of 12 hours light duration is essential for growth and flowering. The day temperature should be 20-22  0C  with a difference of 10-12  0C between day and night temperatures. A good shower during August-September facilities flowering and increased yield. Dry weather condition during flowering period is essential for realizing higher yields. In general locations which receive  30-40 cms rainfall and are covered with snow during winter are good for its cultivation. Spring rains are favourable for promoting corm multiplication wherease, a second spell of rains at the beginning of autumn encourages profuse flowering.

Prpoagation  

Propgation of the plant is through corms. The plant remains dormant from May-August. The mother corm reproduces annually and gives rise to four to six daughter cormlets. The corms formed during a year produce flowers in the following year. The mother corms provide food to the new developing corms and in doing so wither, shrink and finally die. Now corms develope each year to replace the older once. Saffron bulbs multiply readily, and can (and probably should) be divided every few years

Land Preparation and planting

Land preparation starts in March -April. The field is ploughed four to five times to a depth of 30-35 cms.Another  polghing is done in May and fields leveled. Well developed seed corms @1600 to 2000 kg per per hectare should be used after dipping in five percent solution of copper sulphate. The corms should be of 1.5 cms and above in diameter with outermost loose covering cleaned before planting. The corms should be planted in second fortnight of August at a depth of 15-20 cms with a row to row spacing of 15 cms and corm to corm spacing of five to eight cms. After planting divide the field into 2 meters x 4 meters strips by opening 15 deep and 30 cms wide furrows for proper drainage. Saffron can also be planted as an inter crop in newly planted orchards. The superior and less expensive method recommended by Jammu and Kashmir Medicinal Plants Introduction Centre is strip system.

Manures and fertilizers

Mix 15-20 tonnes per hectare of well decomposed FYM during last ploughing. Recent studies have revealed that application of vermicompost @350 kg/hectare has given a yield of 4.88 Kg/hectare.

Interculture 

Keep the planted field undisturbed till the following June. Perform the first hoeing in June using a short handled  tangru locally called (in Kashmie) "ZOUN". This operation provides aeration to the soil which is very important for proper development of Saffron Corms.

Subsequently the second hoeing is done in the month of September along with cleaning and repairing of the drainage channels. Care should be taken not to disturb the growing buds of corms. This hoeing is accompanied by light dressing  of FYM at the rate of two tonnes per hectare. Third and final hoeing is given after the flowering is over and mannure is mixed in the soil with the help of iron  rakes. This schedule of operations is followed every year until the crop remains in the field.

Diseases and pests 

Fungal diseases often infect the corms. Fungi like Rhizocotnia crocorum,, Sclerotina bulborum and Phoma Crocophila are reported to infect the corms changing the colour of flesh from white to yellow and finally to black resulting in death of the corms. poor aeration in the soil, injury to corms and hail storms provide ideal conditions for the development of diseases. Discarding can prevent this. Treat healthy corms with five percent copper sulphate solution during planting. Incidence of Gangrane disease (in this, the normal plant which prevents flower formation) is also reported from some fields. Rate and moles causing damage tones of corms every year often damage saffron cro. Zinc phoshide baiting and rat control campaign on watershed basis may be of great help.

Harvesting and processing 

The flowering season is confined to three weeks from middle of October to first week of November. The flowers are picked daily in the morning and stigmas and styles are trimmed immediately. About 1,60,000 flowers are hand picked to produce one kg of good quality dried saffron.

Saffron Bulbs/Seeds/Corms   

Saffron is the only spice that comes from a flower. The flowers themselves are magnificent with a striking purple colour. Add a splash of colour to your flowerbeds or balconies with this splendid flower which blooms in October, thanks to its exceptional flower reversed vegetation cycle. What is more, you can grow and produce your own saffron easily.

Crocus Sativus (Saffron corms) for planting from August to October
Harvest in October-November of the same year!

The corms (size 2/5cm) are available from June to 10 September, however you can reserve them from now on. Corms are delivered with information of culture

Advance Booking of Saffron Corms from January to December

Buying Saffron Bulbs/Seeds/Corms
Available packets: 50, 100, 200 (Seeds/Corms/Bulbs)

For more details :
Chenab Industries
Ist Street, Shaheed-e-Azemat Road, Nambalbal, Pampore PPR Jammu and Kashmir 192121
Or
Chenab Industries
PO Box 667 GPO Srinagar SGR Jammu and Kashmir 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Mob: 09858986794
e-mail: cikashmir@gmail.com, iirc@rediffmail.com
home: http://chenabindustries.blogspot.com

Belladona-Aconitum heterophyllum

Belladona-Aconitum heterophyllum

Belladona-Aconitum heterophyllum WALL. EX ROYLE
Family:     RANUNCULACEAE
Threat Status:    Critically Endangerd / North West
Used In:    Ayurveda, Folk, Tibetian, Unani and Sidha

Distribution
This species is distributed in the Himalayan region across Pakistan, India and Nepal. Within India, it has been recorded in Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Gilgat, Mirpur, Uttar Pradesh in an altitude range of 2400-4500 m.

Propgation
Started from seed, pre-soak one or two hours, sow just covered, peaty soil, 60-75F/15-24C. Unpredictable and slow from seed. Set bulbs 3" deep in spring for fall bloom, warm spot, sun or part shade, good drainage. Winter protection required cooler climates. Divide clumps or remove offsets in late spring or summer. Zone 7-10

Belladona seeds
5 grams Price Rs. 1550/-US$30
Other Pacakets: 10, 20, 50 grams
available at:
Chenab Industries
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Mob: 09858986794
e-mail: cikashmir@gmail.com
web: http://chenabindustries.blogspot.com

Podophyllum Seeds

Podophyllum hexandrum plant

Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, commonly known as May apple belonging to the family Berberidaceae is an endangered medicinal plant, which grows in the northern Himalayan region at an altitude of 3500-4000 metres. The stem grows 30–40 cm tall, with palmately lobed umbrella-like leaves up to 20-40 cm diameter. Podophyllotoxin drawn from the rhizome of Podophyllum hexandrum and has been used in dermatological infections like condylomata accuminata. Podophyllotoxin and its chemical derivatives, teniposide and etoposide are widely used as potent chemotherapeutic agents for a variety of tumours including small cell carcinoma, testicular cancer and malignant lymphoma.

Propagation
Propagation Material: Seeds , Root Division
Description: Seeds should be planted immediately or they will need to be treated. Plant thickly. Seedlings take several years to mature. The easiest way to propagate is by root division while the plant is dormant. Divide the rhizomes in fall with at least one bud.
Seed Treatment: Cold-moist stratification for three months.
Commercially Avail: yes
Maintenance: Do not mow, as mowing will kill them.

Podophyllum hexandrum seeds
5 grams Price Rs. 1550/-US$31
Other Pacakets : 10, 20, 50 grams
available at:
Chenab Industries
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Mob: 09858986794
e-mail: cikashmir@gmail.com
web: http://chenabindustries.blogspot.com

Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana)

Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana)  is earliest fruit available in Srinagar market during April. Sub-tropical areas in Jammu have potential to grow the crop under irrigated condition. It is valued for easy propagation, early maturity, high yield with 5 to 9 percent sugar. Plants start bearing in second year. Over 2000 varieties of garden strawberry are known with large fruit, weighing 30-70 grams. 

Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana) Plants now available at:

Chenab Industries
Ist Street, Shaheed-e-Azemat Road, Nambalbal, Pampore PPR JK 192121
Or
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Mob: 09858986794
e-mail: iirc@rediffmail.com, cikashmir@gmail.com
 

Walnuts (Juglans regia) Plants and seeds available for Sale in Kashmir

Walnuts (Juglans regia): Kashmir walnuts are popular within the country as well as in foreign markets; a source of substantial foreign exchange. On the basis of shell thickness these are grouped as "Burzil", "Kagzi" and "Wont"; corresponding to "Paper-shelled". Walnut Kernels are used in confectionery, as dessert and for extraction of oil.

Walnuts (Juglans regia) seeds, Plants now available at:

Chenab Industries
Ist Street, Shaheed-e-Azemat Road, Nambalbal, Pampore PPR JK 192121
Or
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Mob: 09858986794
e-mail: iirc@rediffmail.com, cikashmir@gmail.com

Almonds (Prunus dulcis) Kashmir plants for Sale

Almonds (Prunus dulcis): Kashmir almonds are known for their superiority of taste and are very popular with the consumers. Like walnuts these are also grouped on the basis of shell thickness as "Papery", "Thin-shelled", and "Thick-shelled". Considered as highly nourishing and of great medicinal value, its kernels are used in confectionery as well as dessert. Its trees are the first blooming fruit trees and an enchanting sight that lends glamour to the spring in Kashmir.

Almonds (Prunus dulcis) seeds, Plants now available at:

Chenab Industries
Ist Street, Shaheed-e-Azemat Road, Nambalbal, Pampore PPR JK 192121
Or
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Mob: 09858986794
e-mail: iirc@rediffmail.com, cikashmir@gmail.com

Peach (Prunus persica) planting material and seeds

Peach (Prunus persica)  commonly known as Chunun is a temperate fruit rich in proteins, sugar, minerals and vitamins.  Introduction of the cultivated peaches into India probably took place in the latter half of the 19th century.  Today, it is being grown in the midhill zone of the Himalayas extending from Kashmir to Khasi hills 1,000—2.000 m above mean sea-level.  It is also being grown to a limited scale in the hills of south India and in the north-eastern region of the country

Besides, low chilling peaches are grown in submountainous region and Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and the Western Uttar Pradesh.  .

Climate and soil : Peaches requires humid climate with cold winter and dry summer.  It is moderately winter hardy and sensitive to low temperature injury.  Swelling buds are injured at – 6.5`C.  Sites which are free from early spring frost are more suitable as peaches bloom early in the season.  The blooming period can be delayed by the application of Gibberellic acid (200 ppm) before leaf fall or by application of Ethephon, to avoid the risk of spring frost.  Deep valleys are not ideal sites because cold air settles in these areas, and frost and freeze injuries are very common.  The land with gentle slope is ideal.  However, on steep slopes peach should be planted preferably in the mid portion.

Deep sandy loam soil rich in organic matter is best for its successful cultivation.  Peaches are highly susceptible to water logging and prefer perfect drainage.  Fertile and heavy soils are hazardous as it makes heavy growth and hence results in winter injury.  The pH of the soil should be between 5.8 and 6.8.  Acidic and saline soils are unfit for peach cultivation. 

Propagation and rootstock : Peach is commercially propagated through grafting or budding.  Peach seedlings are generally used as rootstock, though plum, apricot and almond seedlings can also be used.  Some nurseries also use Behmi (P. mira) as rootstock for peach. Since wild species produce more vigorous and hardy seedlings than the cultivated varieties, wild peach seedlings are preferred in the hills.

Before sowing, the seeds are stratified at 4 C for 10-12 weeks in the moist sand.  The stratification of peach seeds can also be done under natural conditions and cold storage at 4 C or below.  Pre-sowing treatment with thiourea (0.5%) or GA (200 PPM) 0r BA (100 PPM) reduces the stratification period,  enhances seed germination and improves the seedlings growth.  The stratified seeds are then sown in well prepared beds about 5 cm deep and 15 cm apart at a row to row spacing of 20 cm.  Seed beds are mulched with 6-10 cm thick dry grass and light irrigation is given after sowing to avoid desiccation of seeds.  Seeds start germinating in March.  The seedlings become beddable in June, if they are grown in fertile soil with full care, they become graft able in the following winter.
 

Peaches are propagated commercially by tongue or cleft grafting and T-budding or ring budding.   In hills, tongue grafting during January- February and T-budding during May-June are performed.  However, in plains grafting is performed during November- January and budding during April-June and September.

Cultivation Planting : The planting is carried out in winter season.  Before planting, the site of orchard should be properly cleared of bushes and weeds.  The area should be ploughed or dug and arrangement of drainage be made in advance of planting. In hilly areas, contour planting system should be adopted if the slope is steep, otherwise terraces should be made.  In plains, square system of planting is common.  Pits of 1m x1m x 1m size at a distance of 4.5 m in hills are dug during September –October.  The pits should be refilled with fertile top soil mixed with 40kg well-rotten farmyard manure And 10 liters solution of Chlorpyriphos (1m1/liter) to each pit to avoid any damage from insects

In high density plantation, the distance can be reduced to 3m x3m.  In Tatura trellis and Meadow system, peach is planted at a distance of 5m x 1m (2,000 plants/ha) and 2 m x1 m (5,000 plants/ha) respectively.
 

Peach (Prunus persica) seeds, Plants now available at:

Chenab Industries
Ist Street, Shaheed-e-Azemat Road, Nambalbal, Pampore PPR JK 192121
Or
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Mob: 09858986794
e-mail: iirc@rediffmail.com, cikashmir@gmail.com

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Seeds/Plants for sale

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) some times called the Japanese plum, documented to have been grown in Japan around 1100 AD. Came to the U.S. in the mid 1800's. A strikingly beautiful evergreen tree with dark, green, deeply-toothed foliage that gives apricot-like fruit similar to a kumquat but sweeter. Has fuzzy skin like a peach. Makes great jam. Although its habit of blooming in the winter does make it difficult to produce fruit in our region! Makes a great container plant though.Orange-yellow, fleshy fruit, usually with one or two large seeds, and a delicious sweet flavor, sometimes akin to an apricot.

Description: Small or medium sized tree to 30ft. The leaves are large, deep green, and glossy, with a grayish hairy underside. Trees can flower several times a year, but often produce their largest crops during winter and spring.

Hardiness: The loquat is subtropical and marginally hardy to temperate climates. It can survive temperature drops to 10-15F. Flowers and fruit are usually harmed at 20-25F.

Growing Environment: A fairly hardy tree once established, loquats will benefit from some irrigation during warmer months. They do not like intense heat (above 100F) and prolonged exposure generally inhibits flowering and fruiting. Trees grow nicely in full sun and are adaptable to tropical, subtropical and Mediterranean climates.

Propagation: The best varieties are propagated by grafts. Trees are also grown from seed.

Uses: The pulp is eaten fresh. Fruits are also processed into juices, jams, jellies, and desserts.

Native Range: Native to southeastern China, and southern Japan. The loquat is grown commercially on a wide scale in Kashmir, and to a lesser extent in China, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, the United States, Brazil, and southern Europe.

Loquat  (Eriobotrya japonica)  seeds, Plants now available at:

Chenab Industries
Ist Street, Shaheed-e-Azemat Road, Nambalbal, Pampore PPR JK 192121
Or
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Mob: 09858986794
e-mail: iirc@rediffmail.com, cikashmir@gmail.com

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) Plants & Seeds

Some consider wild apricots to have the most beautiful foliage of all fruit trees. Native to the colder, higher elevations of China, they have a low winter chilling requirement. The biggest challenge in growing these trees is April frosts. Try to plant on a slope, preferable north facing. It will warm more slowly in the spring. You can also protect blooms from late frosts by wrapping with bubblewrap. Prune to an open center shape. 

Wild/Sweet Apricort seeds,Plants now available at:

Chenab Industries
Ist Street, Shaheed-e-Azemat Road, Nambalbal, Pampore PPR JK 192121
Or
POB: 667 GPO Srinagar SGR JK 190001
Ph: 01933-223705
Mob: 09858986794

e-mail: iirc@rediffmail.com, cikashmir@gmail.com